I am often asked about whether Two-Spirited people existed  in tribal communities prior to European contact.  Short Answer? Absolutely,  First Nations Two-Spirited people existed back before recorded time.

In fact, it was all rather normal; there was no shame, in other words, associated with being two spirited. We have a long and venerable history when it came to embracing these special people. (Photo left: Navajo couple)

In many tribal communities, Two Spirited people were considered a 'gift' to the tribe because they were given the responsibvlity of carrying two spirits in service to the tribe. Therefore, they were revered, respected and care for because they were often Healers, Visionaries, Spirit Doctors, Traditional Teachers, and yes...even Warriors! 

To put it another way, they were gifts from the uper world that came to the secular world as "gender mediators." Like any healer from any belief system, First Nations Two Spirited people were Peacemakers who came to help settle the earth in kindness, serenity and positive strength.
 
 They carried much responsibility which is why it was believed that only a few very special people were strong enough to carry the medicine. In other words, First Nations people were once again, far ahead when it came to understanding that all tribal members were respected for their talents and gifts so that the tribes could hum for a millenia.

The homophobia that exists today inside and outside tribal communities finds its course in a variety of reasons:

Christianity and the hell and damnation assocated with so-called deviant behaviour, led ironically enough by the Catholic Church. The ongoing revelations about deviant behaviour between priest and youth is all over the news.  It seems to me that before firing cannon shots at others, ones own Vatican should be put in order and held to the highest standard.

Not understanding tribal cultural history, and choosing to believe negative information not based in truthful fact. This leads to the outright ostracization of people who do not deserve such derision and contempt.

Listening to the biases and fears of others and not making independent informed decisions. This results in misguided and often deliberate misunderstandings. It is how wars are started, by the miscreant actions of a few perpetrated on the many. When the many good people stand by and let it happen, then, in this case, homophobia is the inevitable result.

Finally, the truth about First Nations two-spirited history cannot and must not be rewritten in order to satisfy the narrow biases and comfort levels of the ill-informed. It is the DNA of First Nations people to accept and celebrate all members in out world. DO IT! Time grow short for us to be at each other's throats. We are needed.

TWO SPIRITED PEOPLE - MCGILL PROJECT

Two-spirited person is a Native tradition that anthropologists have  dated back to some of the earliest discoveries of Native artifacts. Much evidence indicates that Native people, prior to colonization and contact with European cultures, believed in the existence of three genders: the male, the female and the male-female gender, or what we now call the Two-spirited person. The term 'Two-spirited', though relatively new, was derived from interpretations of Native languages used to describe people who displayed both characteristics of male and female. (Photo above: Navajo).

 Traditionally, the two spirited person was one who had received a gift from Creator, that gift being the privilege to house both male and female spirits in their bodies. The concept of two-spirited related to today's designation of gays, lesbians, bisexual and transgender persons of Native origins. Being given the gift of two-spirits meant that this individual had the ability to see the world from two perspectives at the same time. This greater vision was gift to be shared with all, and as such. Two-spirited eings were revered as leaders, mediators, teachers, artists, seers, and spiritual guides. They were treated with the greatest respect, and held important spiritual and ceremonial responsibilities.


The arrival of the Europeans was marked by the imposition of foreign views and values on Native spirituality, family life and traditions. The missionary churches' views on sexuality, for example, created many new taboos. Many traditions, including that of the Two-spirited were eradicated or at least driven underground from many (but not all) tribes of North America. Once honored, some of today's Two-spirited people have been shamed, beaten, killed, isolated and driven from their homes. Dr. Terry Tafoya, a sexologist, storyteller and diversity educator from the Taos Pueblo Nation has warned, "our communities cannot survive if we cut off parts of ourselves". Along with others he has called for the restoration of the inclusion of Two-spirited people back into the circle of original belonging. It is not an accident that Two-spirited people are once again emerging in their communities at the same time and in the same way that the drum, the pipe, the sweat, the medicines and other sacred aspects of community and cultural life are returning.

 As a result of colonization, most two-spirited people, their families, and the knowledge keepers in their communities today, hold little or no knowledge of the many rich and diverse traditions which recognized, valued and benefited from the special gift these individuals had been given. In consequence, two-spirited people are not able to take their rightful place in their communities. This is a loss to all Native people.

Two-spirited people were integral parts of most tribal communities. Spanish explorers  reported seeing two-spirited people in almost every tribe. They condemned them as evil and a scourge upon the earth. They were treated as hetero-gender and were respected as well held in awe because of the power of their magic and healing skills. Many of these people were medicine persons. It is the European influence that changed the status.

Rather than emphasising the homosexuality of these persons, however, many Native Americans focused on their spiritual gifts. American Indian traditionalists, even today, tend to see a person's basic character as a reflection of their spirit. Since everything that exists is thought to come from the spirit world, androgynous or transgender persons are seen as doubly blessed, having both the spirit of a man and the spirit of a woman. Thus, they are honoured for having two spirits, and are seen as more spiritually gifted than the typical masculine male or feminine female.Therefore, many Native American religions, rather than stigmatising such persons, often looked to them as religious leaders and teachers

  (http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/oct/11/two-spirit-people-north-america) - Photo right is We-Wa a Zuni weaver.

NOTE: It is worth repeating that to focus on a person's character was ordinary behaviour in the tribes. It wasn't just on two-spirited people, but all members of the community.  Again, NORMAL!

The Din �h (Navaho) have a lovely word, "N�dleeh� which means "One who is transformed",

(Photo left: Males on the right, Two-Spirited Tribal Member, We-Wa standing in the centre - Navajo).

"Many tribes practiced what was initially known to westerner's as the Berdache which...is a French word adopted from  'Bardaj' which means an intimate male friend. Put simply: Prior to the arrival of westerners an estimated two-thirds of the tribes dealt with homosexuals, through a variety of cross-gender rituals, in which feminine boys and, in some cases, masculine girls would be declared to possess the souls of the opposite gender, and would undergo a variety of tests and ceremonies to reposition them as members of said gender for social purposes. The wide rage of cultural variations among tribes makes Balderdash of sweeping generalizations, and the nature of such traditions differed from tribe to tribe,...It is important to note that even among Native Americans who practiced such traditions, male same-sex relationships between adult men were not simply accepted as such, but were instead ritualized to make one partner the 'woman' of the pairing, and therefore no longer a threat to the community." (site unknown). Photo, right, Navajo couple.